RESUMEN La variabilidad en la definición epidemiológica de la periodontitis y los protocolos de evaluación afectan la medición de la prevalencia y su asociación con ciertos factores. Si bien, el patrón oro para el examen periodontal es el registro de boca completa, que evalúa la pérdida de inserción (CAL, por sus siglas en inglés) y profundidad de sondaje (PS, por sus siglas en inglés), los recursos no siempre están disponibles para los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica. Objetivo: En este estudio se compararon diferentes protocolos y definiciones de periodontitis evaluando la prevalencia y la asociación de factores relacionados en pacientes adultos que solicitaron atención en la Facultad de Odontología de la UdelaR. Materiales y Método: Los datos provienen de un estudio transversal de 410 sujetos con una elevada carga de enfermedad en términos de ENT y periodontitis. Se utilizó un examen clínico registrando PD en todos los dientes y CAL en los sextantes CPI (WHO 2013). Se definieron cuatro criterios de periodontitis basados en dos protocolos de examen y dos definiciones epidemiológicas de caso. Las comparaciones se realizaron tomando como referencia el protocolo de la OMS de 2013. Resultados: Al comparar los dos protocolos de examen, se verificó la subestimación de la prevalencia cuando se utilizó el protocolo de la OMS de 1997 para la definición de caso moderado-grave y para la periodontitis grave, siendo en el primer caso del 20% y en el segundo caso tres veces mayor que. Conclusiones: Si no se considera la gravedad de la periodontitis, el uso del protocolo de la OMS 2013 no proporciona más información sobre qué factores aumentan la probabilidad de periodontitis. Sin embargo, al analizar la gravedad, los factores asociados fueron diferentes. En consecuencia, en una población pequeña estaría justificado el esfuerzo de utilizar el protocolo de la OMS de 2013, ya que el criterio de referencia es la boca completa.

ABSTRACT The fact that there are different epidemiological definitions of periodontitis and different evaluation protocols affects the estimate of periodontitis prevalence and of the influence of associated factors. The gold standard for periodontal examination is full-mouth record assessing CAL and PD. However, there are not always sufficient human and financial resources available to apply such assessment for epidemiological surveillance systems. Aim: This study was conducted to compare different protocols and definitions of periodontitis for assessing prevalence and the impact of related factors in adult patients who requested care at the School of Dentistry, UdelaR. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 410 subjects with a high burden of disease in terms of NCDs and periodontitis. Clinical examination evaluated PD in all teeth and CAL in the CPI sextants (WHO 2013). Four periodontitis criteria were defined based on two examination protocols (WHO 2013 and WHO 1997) and two definitions of epidemiological case. Comparisons were made taking the 2013 WHO protocol as a reference. Results: Comparison of the two examination protocols showed that prevalence was underestimated when the WHO 1997 protocol was used to define moderate-severe and severe periodontitis, by 20% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: When the severity of periodontitis was not considered, the WHO 2013 protocol did not provide more information on what factors increase the chance of periodontitis. However, when severity was considered, the associated factors were different. Consequently, in a small population, it would be worth using the WHO 2013 protocol, which is the closest to the full-mouth gold standard criterion.

Summary Movies are a helpful tool to learn and teach which allow us to depict from different points of view the complexity of the illness. In this paper we focus on the educational tools we saw in the movie Five feet apart about cystic fibrosis, where we can see the daily aspects that patients have to endure in a hospital, from their feeding, treatment and infections, as well as the importance of physical contact with the people around because they must keep a distance of 2 m between them. It also depicts the infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria like Burkholderia cepacia and the alternative methods to treat it like lung transplant which allows patients to extend their life expectancy.

Resumen El cine es una efectiva herramienta de enseñanza - aprendizaje que permite ilustrar desde diversos enfoques los procesos complejos de la enfermedad. En este artículo hacemos hincapié sobre estas herramientas educativas que nos brinda la película A dos metros de ti / Five feet apart, sobre la fibrosis quística. En la que se retratan los aspectos diarios que sobrellevan los pacientes dentro de un hospital desde su alimentación, tratamiento e infecciones. A la vez, la necesidad del contacto físico que tienen con las personas que conviven; ya que estos pacientes deben mantenerse alejados entre sí, a dos metros de distancia. Además, trata de las infecciones causadas por bacterias multirresistentes como Burkholderia cepacia y métodos alternativos como el proceso de trasplante pulmonar que permite prolongar la vida en paciente con fibrosis quística.

Resumen La Clínica de Odontopediatría desarrolla un modelo de atención con énfasis en promoción, educación y rehabilitación destacándose su control y mantenimiento. No hay información sobre el impacto de los controles periódicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación del número de controles y la salud bucal de niños entre 5 y 10 años. Estudio transversal, descriptivo (2017-18) y retrospectivo (hasta 2014) en dos subpoblaciones: G1=controles y G2=primera vez, evaluando diferencias de piezas afectadas Resultados: 115 niños, 44 en G1 y 71 en G2. El 100% presentaron biopelícula. G1 presentó un valor significativamente menor del IPV>20% (p<0.001), de lesiones cavitadas (p<0.001). G1 con 2 o más controles el promedio de lesiones iniciales fue de 2,6 y G2 de 4,5 (p<0.001). Conclusiones: Los niños con dos o más controles presentaron mejor situación de salud bucal que quienes consultaron por primera vez. Se confirma la importancia del control programado para el mantenimiento de la salud bucal.

Abstract The Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, has a care model that focuses on promotion, health education and rehabilitation, and aims to support health control and maintenance. There is no information on the impact of periodic checkups. Objective: To evaluate the association between the number of checkups and oral health in children aged between 5 and 10. Cross-sectional, descriptive (2017-18) and retrospective (up to 2014) study in two subpopulations: G1 = checkups, and G2 = first visit. We evaluated the differences in the number of teeth affected. Results: The sample included 115 children: 44 in G1 and 71 in G2. All of them had biofilm. G1 presented significantly lower values regarding visible plaque index (VPI) (>20%) (p < 0.001) and cavitated lesions (p < 0.001). G1 members, who had attended two or more checkups, had 2.6 initial lesions on average, and G2 members, 4.5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Children who had attended two or more checkups had better oral health than those seeking care for the first time. This confirms the importance of scheduled checkups for maintaining oral health.

Resumo A Clínica de Odontologia Pediátrica desenvolve um modelo de cuidado com ênfase na promoção, educação em saúde e reabilitação destacando seu controle e manutenção. Não há informações que sustentem o impacto que os controles regulares. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do número de controles anuais e da saúde bucal de crianças entre 5 e 10 anos. Estudo transversal e descritivo (2017-18) e retrospectiva (até 2014) em duas subpopulações: G1-controle e G2-primeira vez. Resultados: 115 crianzas: G1-44 e G2-71. 100% do de crianças apresentaram biofilme. G1 apresentou valor de IPV>20% e lesões cavitadas significativamente menor (p<0,001). G1 com 2 ou mais controles a média de lesões iniciais foi de 2,6 e no G2 4,5 (p <0,001). Conclusões: Crianças que assistem a 2 ou mais controles têm uma melhor situação de saúde bucal em comparação com aquelas que consultam pela primeira vez. Confirma-se a importância do controle programado para manutenção da saúde bucal.

Resumen Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) comparten factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos con las enfermedades bucales. Ambas representan también un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de caries, paradenciopatías y pérdida dentaria en personas que demandan atención en la facultad de odontología de la udelar. Metodos: se relevó una muestra de los pacientes de la facultad de odontología, que respondieron un cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas y hábitos vinculados a factores de riesgo comportamentales, se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial, de glicemia capilar y un examen bucal. Resultados: fueron encuestados 602 individuos, el cpod promedio fue de 16, la prevalencia de caries no tratada fue de 72,8 % y la prevalencia de periodontitis 42,9 %. Conclusiones: Se recomienda la instalación de un programa preventivo-asistencial conjunto entre Facultad de Odontología y área salud de la UDELAR que integre la promoción y prevención de las enfermedades bucales y las no transmisibles.

Abstract Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) share behavioral and metabolic risk factors with oral diseases. Both are also public health issues. Objective: To determine the prevalence of caries, gum conditions, and tooth loss in patients treated at UdelaR’s School of Dentistry. Methods: A sample of individuals treated at the School of Dentistry answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and habits related to behavioral risk factors. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and capillary blood glucose were recorded, and an oral exam was performed. Results: Six hundred and two individuals were surveyed. The average DMFT was 16, the prevalence of untreated caries, 72.8%, and the prevalence of periodontitis, 42.9%. Conclusions: We recommend implementing a joint preventive-care program run by the School of Dentistry and the health area of UDELAR that integrates the promotion and prevention of oral and noncommunicable diseases.

Resumo As doenças não transmissíveis (DCNT) compartilham fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos com as doenças bucais. Ambos também representam um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de cárie, paradenciopatias e perda de dente em pessoas que exigem atenção na faculdade de odontologia da udelar. Métodos: foram avaliados 602 adultos, que responderam a um questionário sobre características sociodemográficas e hábitos relacionados a fatores de risco comportamentais, medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, glicemia capilar e realização de exame oral. Resultados: foram pesquisados 602 indivíduos com média de 16 cáries, prevalência de cárie não tratada de 72,8% e prevalência de periodontite de 42,9%. Conclusões: Recomenda-se a instalação de um programa de cuidados preventivos conjuntos entre a Faculdade de Odontologia e a área da saúde da UDELAR que integre a promoção e prevenção das doenças bucais e não transmissíveis.

Abstract. In the context of epidemiological studies, where non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are investigated, it is common practice the use of categorical variables to reflect the presence of both certain diseases and comorbidities or risk factors (RF). Particularly, within the scope of oral pathologies (PO), NCDs are usually considered as RF. In this sense, it is possible to consider the global health status of individuals while simultaneously taking into consideration the presence of NCDs, PO and RF. During years 2015 and 2016, a study was carried out concerning people who demanded assistance at the Facultad de Odontología of the Universidad de la República, Uruguay, which aimed to investigate the link between the RF of the most prevalent NCDs, and oral health. It is proposed to obtain well differentiated epidemiological profiles from the determination of typologies of individuals, based on categorical attributes, referring to NCDs, the most frequent OPs and the RF, common to both. Two typologies were detected mainly defined by the prevalence of NCD and PO. One of them was characterized by the coexistence of PO, NCD and RF, while in the other participants with lower prevalence of NCD were observed. Additionally, it was found that the group with the highest burden of disease was mainly composed of women and people of more advanced ages, which could explain the higher prevalence of NCDs.

Resumen. En el contexto de los estudios epidemiológicos, donde se indaga por las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), es práctica habitual utilizar variables categóricas para reflejar tanto la presencia de determinadas enfermedades como de comorbilidades o factores de riesgo (FR). En particular, dentro del ámbito de las patologías orales (PO), las ENT también suelen ser consideradas como FR. En este sentido, existe la posibilidad de considerar el estado de salud global de los individuos, atendiendo simultáneamente la presencia de ENT, PO y FR. Entre los años 2015 y 2016 se llevó a cabo un estudio concerniente a las personas que demandaron asistencia en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Dicho estudio tenía como objetivo investigar el vínculo entre los FR de las ENT más prevalentes y la salud bucal. Se propone la obtención de perfiles epidemiológicos bien diferenciados a partir de la determinación de tipologías de individuos, en base a atributos categóricos, referentes a ENT, las PO más frecuentes y los FR comunes a ambas. Se detectaron dos tipologías definidas, principalmente por las prevalencias de ENT y PO. Una de ellas se caracterizó por la coexistencia de PO, ENT y FR mientras que en la otra se observaron participantes con menores prevalencias de ENT. Adicionalmente se constató que el grupo de mayor carga de enfermedad estuvo compuesto por principalmente por mujeres y personas de edades más avanzadas, lo cual podría explicar la mayor prevalencia de ENT.

Resumen Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) comparten factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos con las enfermedades bucales y ambas representan un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia ENT y sus factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos en personas que concurrieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República. Metodos: Estudio transversal en el que se aplicó un cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas y hábitos vinculados a factores de riesgo comportamentales. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial y glicemia capilar. Resultados: Fueron encuestados 602 individuos Conclusiones: En función de las prevalencias elevadas de varios factores de riesgo, se recomienda la instalación de un programa preventivo-educativo en las salas de espera de la Facultad.

Summary Non-communicable diseases (NCD) share behavioral and metabolic risk factors with oral diseases and both represent a public health problem. Objective: to find out the prevalence of NCD and its behavioral and metabolic risk factors in people who attend at College of Odontology of the University of the Republic. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted and a questionnaire related to socio-demograhic characteristics and habits linked to behavioral risk factors was applied. Anthropometric measurements of arterial pressure and capillary glucose were taken, Results: The final sample were 602 individuals. A high prevalence of physical inactivity, problematic alcohol intake, excessive salt consumption, hypertension and diabetes was found. These figures were larger than those found at the national level. Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of various risk factors, the installation of a preventive-educational program in the waiting rooms of the Faculty is recommended.

Resumo As doenças não transmissíveis (DNT) compartem fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos com as doenças bucais, as duas representam um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência DNT e os fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos em pessoas que concorreram à Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade da República. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, onde foi aplicado um questionário relativo às características sociodemográficas e hábitos ligados com fatores de risco comportamentais. Se realizaram medições antropométricas, de pressão arterial e glicemia capilar. Resultados: Foram pesquisados 602 indivíduos. Constatou-se uma alta prevalência de inatividade física, ingestão problemática de álcool, consumo excessivo de sal, hipertensão e diabetes. Estes valores foram acima dos encontrados a nível nacional. Conclusão: Dada a alta prevalência encontrada de vários fatores de risco, recomenda-se a instalação de um programa educacional-preventivo nas salas de espera da Faculdade.

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and TMD in two populations in Uruguay: the capital city, Montevideo, and outside Montevideo. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout the country with stratified multistage sampling. Results: The variables selected and analyzed in this first paper were: degree of mouth opening, muscle pain, TMJ clicking, parafunctional wear facets, headache, history of joint noise, feeling of clenching during sleep and self-perception of stress. The following global prevalence rates were found: TMD: 55%, with at least one symptom, it being more prevalent in Montevideo (57%) than outside Montevideo (53%); with at least one sign: 44%, it also being more prevalent in Montevideo (47%) than outside Montevideo (41%). As for active bruxism, regarding the feeling of clenching during sleep, a prevalence of 30.72% was found in Montevideo and 23.19% outside Montevideo, while being or having been a bruxer in the assessment of the parafunctional wear facets had a prevalence of 71.95% in Montevideo and 62.17% outside Montevideo. Conclusions: With this survey, we found a high prevalence of TMD and bruxism in the Uruguayan population and encourage the development of collective prevention and treatment actions.

Resumen: Se presenta un nuevo método de acupuntura placebo, evaluándose en esta fase el cegamiento del operador. Metodología: Se implementaron dos estudios experimentales utilizando como referencia el punto acupuntural Intestino Grueso 4 (IG4). En el primero (I) tres operadores utilizaron el dispositivo desarrollado en un mismo paciente. Mientras que en un segundo experimento (II), un único acupunturista utilizó dicho dispositivo en 12 voluntarios sanos. Resultados: En I, sobre un total de 30 agujas que utilizaron los operadores, estos pudieron identificar correctamente 7 (23%). Por otra parte, en el experimento II, los porcentajes de acierto encontrados no fueron significativamente diferentes de 50%, por lo cual no hay evidencia suficiente que permita decir que el acupunturista reconoce el tipo de aguja que está utilizando. Conclusiones: El nuevo dispositivo evidenció un alto potencial de cegamiento del operador, sugiriendo que es útil para enmascarar incluso a acupunturistas experimentados.

Abstract: We present a new placebo acupuncture method with potential for double-blinding. In this phase, we evaluate the possibility of blinding the practitioner. Methodology: We conducted two experimental studies using the acupuncture point of the Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) as reference. In the first study (I), three practitioners used the device on the same patient. In the second experiment (II), a single acupuncturist used this device on 12 healthy volunteers. Results: In I, out of 30 needles used by the practitioners, they were able to correctly identify 7 needles (23%) (practitioner #1, 2/10; practitioner #2, 4/10; and practitioner #3, 1/10). In experiment II, success rates were around 50%, so there is not enough evidence to state that the acupuncturist recognizes the type of needle used. Conclusions The new device showed high potential for practitioner blinding, suggesting that it is useful to blind even experienced acupuncturists.

Resumen: Introducción: El consumo de drogas puede constituir un agente etiológico de trastornos témporomandibulares (TTM), lo cual debe ser tenido en cuenta al momento del diagnóstico y en la elaboración de un plan de tratamiento. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de signos y síntomas de TTM en una población con dependencia a las drogas al inicio del régimen de internación y analizar posibles factores asociados. Material y método:Fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal, que incluyó pacientes consecutivos al inicio del tratamiento por consumo problemático de drogas. Participaron 135 pacientes internados en el Portal Amarillo y examinados por un investigador calibrado. Se solicitó consentimiento informado al participante y/o su representante legal. Resultados: La prevalencia de participantes con uno o más signos actuales de TTM fue de 29,7% y con uno o más síntomas actuales de TTM fue de 68,8%. La prevalencia de síntomas actuales de TTM presentó asociación significativa con autopercepción de estrés (p=.03), consumo de mate (p=.03) y de alcohol (p=.03). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de síntomas de TTM en una población en tratamiento por dependencia a las drogas es elevada respecto a la población general. Esto debe ser tenido en cuenta a la hora de desarrollar políticas de prevención y tratamiento.

Abstract: Introduction: Drug consumption may be an etiological agent of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) which should be considered when diagnosing a patient and developing a treatment plan. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms in a drug-dependent population at the beginning of their admission, and to analyze possible associated factors. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included patients at the beginning of treatment for problematic drug use. We studied 135 subjects admitted to Portal Amarillo, Uruguay. The patients were examined by a calibrated researcher. Informed consent was requested from each participant and/or their legal representative. Results: The prevalence of subjects with one or more current TMD signs was 29.7%, and those with one or more current TMD symptoms accounted for 68.8%. The prevalence of current TMD symptoms showed a significant association with self-perceived stress (p=.03), mate consumption (p=.03) and alcohol consumption (p=.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of current TMD symptoms in the population under treatment for drug dependence is high compared to the general population. This should be considered when developing prevention and therapeutic strategies.

Abstract The present study aimed at understanding the relationship between periodontitis and socio-contextual and individual determinants of health. Data from “The First Uruguayan Oral Health Survey, 2011”, which included 223 and 455 individuals with 35–44 and 65–74 years old respectively, were used. A stratified, multistage cluster sampling design was adopted (cities with ≥ 20.000 residents). Periodontitis was assessed using the modified Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (periodontal pocket and CAL ≥ 4 mm). Independent variables included contextual socioeconomic status (SES) measured by proportion of houses with Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) and individual demographic and behavioral factors. Logistic regression multilevel models were generated. Living in contexts with a higher UBN was associated with higher odds for periodontitis in both age groups, even when adjusting for individual level variables (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.42–1.60 and 1.31, 95%CI = 1.21–1.42, respectively). Being male or heavy smoker increased the odds of periodontitis in this population for both age groups. Social structure impacts periodontal disease by modifying individual socioeconomic situations: in better socioeconomic context, UBN acts increasing the protector role of socioeconomic situation but in a poverty context the role is attenuated. Conclusions for this study are that periodontitis varies across contextual socio-demographic groups being higher in the population with a lower SES, challenging health authorities to integrate oral health into national non-communicable diseases programs.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência da doença periodontal em adultos e idosos uruguaios e sua associação com fatores comportamentais e socioeconômicos. Foram utilizados dados de adultos (35-44, n = 358) e de idosos (65-74, n = 411) participantes da primeira Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal, no Uruguai, em 2011. A pesquisa incluiu um questionário sobre fatores de risco, incluindo fumo. Sangramento ao sandagem bolsa periodontal (IPC) e perda de inserção (PIP) foram avaliados por meio de exame clínico. Considerando-se as duas idades, a prevalência da doença moderada/grave foi de 21,8% e 9,12%. Na análise multivariada, foi observada associação entre a educação de nível universitário e todas as variáveis de resposta. O atendimento odontológico foi negativamente associado com a doença periodontal moderada e grave. A prevalência foi maior no grupo com menor nível socioeconômico. Dentre os idosos, o tabagismo foi fortemente associado à doença periodontal.

Abstract The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of periodontal conditions in the Uruguayan adult and elderly population and its association with socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. Data from adults (35-44, n = 358) and elderly (65-74, n = 411) who participated in the first National Oral Health Survey, Uruguay, 2011, were used. The survey included a household questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics, and tobacco use. Bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pockets (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured by clinical examination. A multivariable analysis was carried out. Considering both age groups, the prevalence of mild/severe periodontal disease was 21.8% and 9.12% for severe periodontal disease. Adjusted analyses revealed an association between high education and all outcomes. Attendance at dental services was negatively associated with BOP and mild to severe periodontitis. Periodontal outcomes were higher in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. Tobacco consumption has a strong association with periodontal disease in the elderly.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en la población adulta y anciana uruguaya y su asociación con factores comportamentales y socioeconómicos. Se utilizaron datos de adultos (35-44, n = 358) y ancianos (65-74, n = 411) participantes en el primer Relevamiento Nacional de Salud Bucal en Uruguay. El relevamiento incluyó un cuestionario sobre factores de riesgo, incluyendo tabaco. Sangrado al sondaje bolsa periodontal (IPC) y pérdida de inserción (PIP) fueron valorados mediante examen clínico. Considerando las dos edades, la prevalencia de enfermedad moderada/severa fue de 21,8% y 9,12% para severa. En el análisis multivariado, se observó asociación entre nivel universitario de educación y todas las variables de respuesta. La asistencia odontológica estuvo negativamente asociada con la enfermedad periodontal moderada a severa. La prevalencia fue mayor en el grupo con menor nivel socioeconómico. En los ancianos, el hábito de fumar estuvo fuertemente asociado con la enfermedad periodontal.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência da doença periodontal em adultos e idosos uruguaios e sua associação com fatores comportamentais e socioeconômicos. Foram utilizados dados de adultos (35-44, n = 358) e de idosos (65-74, n = 411) participantes da primeira Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal, no Uruguai, em 2011. A pesquisa incluiu um questionário sobre fatores de risco, incluindo fumo. Sangramento ao sandagem bolsa periodontal (IPC) e perda de inserção (PIP) foram avaliados por meio de exame clínico. Considerando-se as duas idades, a prevalência da doença moderada/grave foi de 21,8% e 9,12%. Na análise multivariada, foi observada associação entre a educação de nível universitário e todas as variáveis de resposta. O atendimento odontológico foi negativamente associado com a doença periodontal moderada e grave. A prevalência foi maior no grupo com menor nível socioeconômico. Dentre os idosos, o tabagismo foi fortemente associado à doença periodontal.

Abstract The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of periodontal conditions in the Uruguayan adult and elderly population and its association with socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. Data from adults (35-44, n = 358) and elderly (65-74, n = 411) who participated in the first National Oral Health Survey, Uruguay, 2011, were used. The survey included a household questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics, and tobacco use. Bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pockets (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured by clinical examination. A multivariable analysis was carried out. Considering both age groups, the prevalence of mild/severe periodontal disease was 21.8% and 9.12% for severe periodontal disease. Adjusted analyses revealed an association between high education and all outcomes. Attendance at dental services was negatively associated with BOP and mild to severe periodontitis. Periodontal outcomes were higher in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. Tobacco consumption has a strong association with periodontal disease in the elderly.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en la población adulta y anciana uruguaya y su asociación con factores comportamentales y socioeconómicos. Se utilizaron datos de adultos (35-44, n = 358) y ancianos (65-74, n = 411) participantes en el primer Relevamiento Nacional de Salud Bucal en Uruguay. El relevamiento incluyó un cuestionario sobre factores de riesgo, incluyendo tabaco. Sangrado al sondaje bolsa periodontal (IPC) y pérdida de inserción (PIP) fueron valorados mediante examen clínico. Considerando las dos edades, la prevalencia de enfermedad moderada/severa fue de 21,8% y 9,12% para severa. En el análisis multivariado, se observó asociación entre nivel universitario de educación y todas las variables de respuesta. La asistencia odontológica estuvo negativamente asociada con la enfermedad periodontal moderada a severa. La prevalencia fue mayor en el grupo con menor nivel socioeconómico. En los ancianos, el hábito de fumar estuvo fuertemente asociado con la enfermedad periodontal.

Objetivos: Estimar prevalencia de Bruxismo y Trastornos Temporomandibulares (TTM) en dos poblaciones: muestra de Uruguay y de pacientes en tratamiento por consumo problemático de drogas en Portal Amarillo. Método: Dos estudios descriptivos, analíticos y transversales, uno nacional y otro en Portal Amarillo. Resultados: Portal Amarillo: síntomas TTM 67,6%, síntomas bruxismo 33,8%, signos TTM actual 42,3%, signos bruxismo actual o pasado 47,9%. Muestra nacional: síntomas TTM 61,3%, síntomas bruxismo 27,7%, signos TTM actual 37,3%, signos bruxismo actual o pasado 67,5%. Conclusiones: Tendencia a mayor prevalencia de TTM y Bruxismo actual en Portal Amarillo que en muestra uruguaya. En los aspectos que dan cuenta de signos de Bruxismo actual o pasado, prevalencia mayor en la población uruguaya. Nuevas investigaciones deberían revisar los efectos de la medicación administrada para el tratamiento de adicciones previo y durante su administración. En tanto recomendamos la instalación de dispositivos oclusales como medida para minimizar los efectos secundarios sobre las estructuras del sistema masticatorio

Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in two populations: a nationwide sample (Uruguay)and another sample formed by patients in treatment for problematic drug use in Portal Amarillo. Method. Two cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical studies: one nationwide and the other one in Portal Amarillo.Results. Portal Amarillo: TMD symptoms 67.6 %, bruxism symptoms 33.8 %, current TMD clinical signs 42.3 %, current or past bruxism signs 47.9 %. Nationwide sample: TMD symptoms 61.3 %, bruxism symptoms 27.7 %, current TMD signs 37.3 %, current or past bruxism signs 67.5 %. Conclusions. Trend that signals a higher prevalence of current TMD and bruxism in Portal Amarillo than in the nationwide sample. Current or past bruxism signs are more prevalent in the nationwide sample. New research should review the effects of the medication administered to treat the addiction before and during the treatment. Meanwhile we recommend the use of occlusal devices to minimize the side-effects on the structures of the masticatory system.

Durante los años 2010-2011, la Facultad de Odontología, Udelar realizó el “Primer Relevamiento Nacional de salud bucal en población joven y adulta uruguaya”. Metodología: estudio poblacional con muestreo complejo en fases que abarcó todo el país urbano (ciudades con más de 20.000 habitantes) y las edades de 15-24, 35-44 y 65-74 años, mediante dos muestras independientes: departamentos del interior (n=922) y Montevideo (n=563). Se aplicaron los “Métodos Básicos para estudios poblacionales” (OMS, 1997). Mediante un examen clínico se recogió información en los domicilios sobre: caries, paradenciopatías, lesiones mucosas, maloclusiones. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre factores socio-culturales. Para el diagnóstico, medición y resumen de la Enfermedad Periodontal, se usó el Índice Periodontal Comunitario (CPI) incorporándose las modificaciones introducidas por el “Projecto SB Brasil 2010”. Resultados: población adulta (35-44/65-74): proporción de individuos: sanos 12% y 1.3%; con bolsas ≥ 4mm: 17% y 6%, respectivamente y con alta proporción sextantes excluidos (49,7 % y 89,5%).

School of dentistry carried out the First Uruguayan oral health survey in young and adult population , during years 2010 and 2011. Methodology: It was a multistage stratified cluster sample design in all the country (cities with 20.000 inhabitants or more) including 15-24 ys, 35-44 ys, and 65-74ys. Two independent samples were selected: one for the capital (n=563) and one for the rest of the provinces (n= 922) . Basic Methods for population studies were used (WHO, 1997). A clinical examination was conducted to obtain information about dental caries, periodontal diseases, maloclussions and mucosal lesions and a socioeconomic questionnaire was applied at the individuals’ households. WHO, Community Periodontal Index was used within “Projecto Brasil 2010-2011” modifications. Results: adult population (35-44; 65-74), CPI values were 12% and 1.3%, 17% and 6% for periodontal pockets ; there were many excluded sextants (49,7 % y 89,5%).

En el año 2010, se realizó el Primer Relevamiento Nacional de Salud Bucal en adultos uruguayos del interior del país. El mismo permitió determinar la prevalencia de caries en jóvenes 15 a 24 años y adultos mayores de 35 años. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal, descriptivo, según la metodología para estudios poblacionales aconsejada por la OMS (1997). La muestra fue estratificada en fases por conglomerados(n=922: 418:15 -24 años; 229 entre 35-44 y 275: 65-74). Como resultados se obtuvo: Prevalencia: 94% (95%IC: 91.8-96.1) en las mujeres y de 91% (95%IC: 87.8-94.1) en los hombres. CPO poblacional: 12,4 (95%IC: 11.9-12.9); de 15 a 24 años: 4,8 (95% IC: 4.3-5.3); 35- 44 años: 15,8 (95% IC: 14.7-16.9) y de 65 a 74 años: 24,4 (95% IC: 23.3-25.5). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de caries aumenta con la edad, siendo mayor en el género femenino. La fracción P (perdidos) del CPOD resultó considerablemente mayor en adultos de 35-44 y de 65-74 años. En la población juvenil, se destacó un distanciamiento entre el índice CPOD y el Significant Caries Index (SIC)

The first National Survey of Oral Health in Adults was carried out in 2010 in Uruguay counttry side and now it is possible to describe the prevalence and distribution of caries in adults older than 35 ys. and young people. It was a Cross-sectional study based on WHO “Basic survey Methods”, (1997). A Multistage, stratified cluster sampling design was applied. (n= 922 418:15-24 ys.; 229:35- 44 ys. and 275:65-74 ys.). Caries prevalence was: in women: 94% (CI 91.8-96.1) and 91% (CI 87.8-94.1) in men. DMFT (population): 12,4 (CI: 11.9-12.9);15- 24 ys.: 4,8 (CI 4.3-5.3); 35- 44 ys.:15,8 (CI: 14.7-16.9) and 65- 74 : 24,4 (CI. 23.3-25.5). Conclusions: It was found high prevalence of dental caries increases with age it is highest in women. DMFT components: M component was higher in adults of 35-44ys and 65-74ys than in young people of 15-24ys. There was a fair distance between DMFT and Significant Caries Index (SIC) indicator for young people